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\label{sec:Abstract}

Professional Caregiver Insurance Risk (PCIR) refers to the transfer of health insurance risks to health care providers.
These risk transfers occur in global capitation, health provider and managed care organization and insurer contracting and in the Medicare and Medicaid Prospective Payment Systems. 

PCIR turns the benefits achieved by efficient insurance transfers, from individuals to risk aggregating insurers, and eliminates their benefits by inefficiently disaggregating them by passing small subsets of the insurance risks to health care providers. PCIR turns health care providers into tiny, extraordinarily inefficient insurers. As a consequence, health providers, as inefficient insurers, are less likely to meet profit goals, more likely to incur high losses and must slash patient benefits to maintain their liquidity.
